According to September 30, 2020 data published by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), more than 119 million Americans lived in areas or settings designated as a Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA) for mental health care services. A mental health care HPSA is a geographic area, population group, or facility where access to mental health care is substandard because it lacks a sufficient number of mental health care providers. With respect to mental health care, HRSA designation criteria is based upon the population within the HPSA relative to the number of mental health care providers that service the area. Certain areas receive a shortage designation based on its population relative to the number of psychiatrists in the area, while others are designated based upon its population relative to the total number of psychiatrists and core mental health providers in the area. Core mental health providers, for HRSA purposes, include clinical social workers, clinical social psychologists, marriage & family therapists and psychiatric nurse specialists. Although the population-to-provider ratio necessary to qualify for designation varies by HPSA type (geographic, population or facility), all HPSAs with a mental health care shortage designation have a population-to-provider ratio that meets or exceeds certain limits established by federal regulations. Areas designated as a mental health care HPSA become eligible to participate in federal programs aimed at attracting more mental health care services to these medically underserved communities. As of September 30, 2020, the HRSA estimates that all mental health care HPSAs in the U.S. would need about 6,500 more mental health care providers to eliminate all shortage designations.
HPSAs in the Southwest account for about 17.5% of the U.S. population who live in mental health care shortage areas. The HRSA estimates that HPSAs in the Southwest states would need 979 more mental health care providers in order to eliminate the mental health care shortage in the region. Here is a summary look at the mental health care shortage in the Southwest region of the U.S.:
 | |
The Mental Health Care Shortage in the Southwest |
| State | (1) HPSAs | (2) Population | (3) Shortage |
| AZ | 210 | 2,862.7 | 181 |
| NM | 80 | 1,366.1 | 78 |
| OK | 114 | 1,518.0 | 76 |
| TX | 410 | 15,072.2 | 644 |
| Region | 814 | 20,819.0 | 979 |
| U.S. | 5,733 | 119,344.0 | 6,464 |
